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(agTT'if§;©yL,^(§= 



DESCRIPTION OF THE PAINTINa 

6 2-7 

or THE 3 ? 



Repulse of Longstreet's Assault 



PAINTED BY JAMES WALKER. 



HISTORICAL ARRANGEMENT AND DESCRIPTION 



By JOHN B. BACHELDER, 

AUTHOR OK THE " ISOMETRICAL DRAWING OF THE GETTYSBURG BATTLE-FIELD," 

POSITIONS OF TROOPS ON ENGINEER-MAPS, GOVERNMENT HISTORIAN 

OK THE BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG, ETC., ETC. 



BOSTON: 
PUBLISHED BY JOHN B. BACHELDER, 

1884. 



C^-' 






Entered accord int; to Act of Congress, in the year 1870, by 

JOHN H. ISAOIIKLDER, 

In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the United States for the Southern 

District of New York. 



CO.TSTTEl^TS. 



DFSCRipnoN OP THE Painting 

(texeual Armistead . 

Majok-Gexeral Meade 

G-EXERAL Hancock (wounded) 

Gexeral Gibbox [wounded) . 

Webb's Brigade 

Hall's Brigade 

Harrow's Brigade . 

Artillery .... 

Stanxard's Brigade ... 

Hays' Div^isiox — Smyth's, Siierrill's, and Carroll's Brigades 

RoBixsox's Division — Coulteh's and BA^Ei|f^ Brigades 

Gexeral Howard . . . '^' 

Steinweiir's Division— Smith's Brigade 

ScML'Rz's Division 

Eleventh Gorps Artillery 

Foreground Formation 

General Birxey 

Gexeral Waru 

Beruan's Brigade 

Gexeral Newton 

Doubleday's Divisiox — Rowley's and Dana's Brigades 

Brigades of De Trobriaxd. Madill, Eustis, and Siialer 

Humphrey's Division — Garr's, Brewster's and Burling's Brigades 

Cvldwell's Division — McKekxe's, Kelley's, Frazer's, and Brooke's Brl 

McGilvery's Brigade of Reserve Artillery 

Wright's Division — Torberts Brigade .... 

Barxes's Division — Sweitzer's and Rice's Brigades 

Crawford's Division — McCandless's Brigade 

Whkaton's Division — Bartlett's (Upton's), and Nevins's Brigades 

Ayres' Division — Day's, Burbank's, Garrard's (Weed's) Brigades 

Tilton's Brigade 

Fishkr's Brigade 

General Howe 

Grant's Brigade 

Russell's Brigade 

Kilpatrick's Division (Cavalry)— Fa rnswobth's and Merritt's Brigades 

Custer's Brigade .... 

Third Day of the Battle 

Formation of Confederate Link op Battle 

Position of Confederate Artillery 

The Cannonade .... 

The Assault and Repulse, 

Compiler's Statement 

isometrical drawing 

Letters (Testimonial) 

Origin and History of the Paiktinq 

Engraving ..... 

History of the Battle 

PiucLS OF ditto .... 

Summary op Gettysburg Publications 



;ades 



PREFACE. 



The following pages have been abstracted from the De- 
scEiPTivE Key of the Painting of the Battle of Getty si )Ui'g, 
for the convenience of such persons as merely wish a descrip- 
tion of the painting itself, with the formation of the troops 
engaged, and a briet account of their movements during the 
"Attack and Repulse of Longstreet's Assault." 

With a fair amount of study, aided l)y the Outline Key in 
the front of the work, the proximate position of every regi- 
ment or battery located on the part of the field represented 
can be determined. 

The Desci:iptive Key, of which this description of the 
painting forms a part, embraces, in addition, an account of 
the local featui'es of the field, and gives a brief narrative of 
the battle from its commencement. It also has an Appendix, 
containing letters from officers and extracts from Union and 
Confederate reports (never before published), showing the 
authority for every feature of the painting. The whole is 
followed by a very complete and carefully compiled alphabet- 
ical Index of every Cor2:)s, Division, Brigade, Kegiment, Bat- 
tery, and Officer mentioned in the work ; indicating not only 
the page, but, aided by the Outline Key. the position on the 
])ainting. 

This will be invaluable to such as possess the engraving ; 
and will be highly appreciated by the student of history. 

It is ])ublished in two styles. In ])lain muslin binding, 
^^ ithout illustrations, except the Outline Key. Also, a Fine 
Edition, printed on heavy toned-paper, elaborately l)Ound, 
gilt, l)eveled })oards, gilt edges, and illustrated with fourteen 
beautifully engraved steel portraits of general officers. 



Dfscription of tlje f ainthtg; 

It is the exciting scene of the repulse which the proprietor 
has chosen for illustration, and which Mr. Walker has so accu- 
rately and graphically represented. A word of explanation is 
here due the artist who has executed this painting. It differs 
materially from ordinary scenes of this kind. Usually, the 
painter, having a few leading incidents of a battle in his mind, 
clothes the picture with the mystery of color and effect, and 
gives an imaginary, rather than a literal rendition of the sub- 
ject. But, in the production of this picture, Mr. Walker has 
endeavored to weave into an harmonious whole, the prominent 
incidents and episodes of this portion of the battle, and has 
never resorted to fiction, when truth would do as well. No 
stretch of the imagination has been indulged in. The material 
for its composition has been furnished him by me and arranged 
under my direction, and should any mistakes have been made, 
they are mine ; not his.'' The artistic rendering of the subject 
is due to the genius of Mr. Walker ; that the execution is 
highly artistic, in spite of the fact that effect has been sacrificed 
in many instances to accuracy, the ablest art critics have 
acknowledged. 

It Avas the earnest desire and purpose of the proprietor of 
this painting to avoid the stereotyped style of battle pictures 



a. Allow nie to say to the reader that I shall esteem it a favor if any participant 
in tlio battle will point out to me any error in the position of the troops, or in the 
accompanying description of their movements; that the former mny he corrected 
on the KNuRAViNG, and the latter in the text before the publication Y)f my historv 
of the battle ; as it is ray earnest desire to publish a strictly accurate account of 
the engagement. 



g GKTTTSBUKG— DESCRIPTIVli KEY. 

taught us in our earliest school-books and other illustrated 
works, and kept up during the war by the illustrated papers, 
and not unfrequently indulged in even now by some would-be 
battle-scene painters of the present day. Such pictures and 
paintings, in which giants in stature struggle in fierce hand-to- 
liand conflicts, bayoneting, or dashing each other's brains out, 
maij possibly resemble the conflicts of the middle ages ; certain- 
ly they do not illustrate the general features of modern battles. 
Isolated instances of men being bayoneted may have occurred, 
— there is only one which now occurs to me (that of the death 
of Colonel Jeffers, of the Fourth Michigan A'olunteers, bayo- 
neted while defending his colors against the attack of Wof- 
ford's brigade, on the evening of July 2) on record, in the re- 
ports of the battle of Gettysburg ; but such rare occurrences 
do not form an entire battle, and no artist is warranted in thus 
educating the public into a false idea of modern battles. My 
purpose has been to present a truthful representation of an 
American battle, with American soldiers contending, as they 
did actually contend. 

It was also my desire that the troops of no one State should 
receive any undue prominence ; and, in the painting, all are 
represented with equal fairness. When General Lee called for 
troops to storm the heights of Gettysburg, the sons of Virginia, 
North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Alabama, 
Mississip])i, Tennessee, Arkansas, and Texas, responded, and 
moved shoulder to shoulder to the assault. And, when the na- 
tion's life was thus assailed, her defenders from every Northern 
State sprang to the rescue ; and mingled their blood in one com- 
mon cause. Side by side, New York and Massachusetts charged 
on the foe; the sons of Maine and Minnesota, Connecticut and 
Pennsylvania, New Jersey and Delaware, New Hampshire and 
Vermont, Ohio and ^lichigan. Rhode Island and Maryland, 
Illinois and Wisconsin, Indiana and West- Virginia, together 



rOREGROUXD OF THE PAINTING. 9 

rushed to the threatened point. In a word, the sons of every 
Union-loving State, and of every European liberty-loving na- 
tionality, rallied under the banner, and are equally entitled to 
representation in this great National Painting of the culmina- 
ting struggle at Gettysburg. 

The success of the effort I respectfully submit to the vetr 
erans of the Army of the Potomac. 

In the selection of a foreground for this painting, I chose 
the point of station from which to" best represent this scene ; 
and, also, to give the best portrait of the field in such a clear 
manner, that the brave men who fought on the several days of 
the battle might point out the localities of their various en- 
gagements. The observer is supposed to be elevated in rear of 
Cemetery Ridge, and looking westward toward the Confeder- 
ate position. 

In the immediate foreground of the painting are represented 
the colors of Webb's ^'^ " and Hall's **^^ brigades, with the color- 
guard and head-quarters horses. 

The group at the immediate left is formed of the figures 
of Brigadier-General Armistead ^^^ and Lieutenant-Colonel 
Martin,^"*' of the Confederate army, Captain Bingham,^^ 
judge-advocate, on Major-General Hancock's staff, and the 
men who have been bearing the wounded general to the rear. 
General Armistead was among the first to leap the stone wall 
at the Union line.^ As he did so, he drew his sword, placed 
his hat upon its point, raised it aloft and cried, " Boys, 
we must use the cold steel ; who will follow me ?" Lieutenant- 
Colonel Martin of the 53d Virginia and a few score of men 

a. 60th, '^ 71st,S9 72(1, «3 and 106th Pennsylvania volunteers. The latter 
reijiment, except one company, was ordered to report to Major-General Howard, 
at the Cemetery, on the night of the 2d, where it remained until the close of the 
battle. 

b. 7th Miohigan,69 I9th and 20th Massachusetts,"!, 6S 42d and oUth New York 
volunteers,''^, CT 



-|Q GETTYSBURG— DESCRIPTIVE KEY. 

sprang after him over the wall. They advanced but a few paces 
wlien they were shot down ; Armistead mortally, and Martin 
seriously wounded. General Armistead surrendered his sword 
and pistols to Captain Banes,^^ of General Webb's staff, who 
directed him to be carried to the rear. He was soon after met 
l)y Captain Bingham, of General Hancock's staff, just returning 
from liaving a wound dressed at the hospital. Seeing the 
prisoner to be an officer of rank, and evidently suffering and 
nearly exhausted, he proffered his assistance. General 
Armistead gave his watch and spurs to Captain Bingham, 
requesting him to send them to his friends through General 
Hancock." (^See Painting.') 

To the right of the central group ^^' ^^ is seen the figure 
of Major-General George G. Meade,^^ the commander-in-chief 
of the Army of the Potomac, accompanied by his son, and 1st 
Lieut. R. 8. McKenzie.'' When the assault began he was at 
Major-General Slocum's head-quarters, on Power's Hill, a half 
mile to the rear, near Culp's Hill, but reached this position on 
the field as it was repulsed." Major Mitchell,^^ aid-de-camp 
to Major-General Hancock, met him,'^ and reported that officer 

a. I learned the full particulars of this assault from Lieutenant-Colonel R. W. 
Martin, while he was lying wounded in the hospital at Gettysburg, including the 
iMov(Mnents of General Aumistead with whom he advanced engaged in conver- 
sation, from Seminary Kidge. From Captain Banes of General Webb's statF, I 
gathered the particulars of his surrender. Captain Banes received his sword and 
pistols (whicli iiad not been fired), and sent him to tiic rear of the line, where he 
was invt by C';i]itain Henry H. Bingham, judge-advocate, on General Hancock's 
stall'. From ('a|)tain Bingham, I derived full particulars of his interview with 
General Akmisiead. After receiving the valuables which General Armistead 
wished to send to his family and a private message, lie directed him to be taken 
to a hospital in tlie rear. I subsecpiently met D. G. Brinton, surgeon, in charge 
of tlie 2d division, 11th corps's hospital, who dressed his wounds. Docfor Brin- 
ton said he was very mucli depressed in spirits, though neitliei" of his wounds were 
iiKjrtal ; one being in the leg below the knee, and the other, a tlesh-wound in the 
arm. Notwitiistanding which he died two days afterward. 

1>. General Webb's letter, and also Major-General Meade's letter. 

c. See Major-General Meade's letter, in the Appendix. 

d. Major MiTciiKi.i.'s letter, in the A[)pendix. 



HANCOCK AND GIBBON. ^^ 

seriously wounded. He aloo bore a report of the state of the 
engagement from General Hancock. 

General Hancock was with Caldwell's division,^^ at the 
extreme left of his line, when the cannonade began. He rode 
during this terrible firing along his entire front to Woodruff's 
battery ^^'* on his right. He knew with the instinct of a true 
soldier what was to follow the bombardment, and he exhorted 
his officers and men to be in readiness to resist the grand 
assault. Returning toward the left, while passing the right 
of the 14th Vermont volunteers,^*^ of Stannard's brigade, he 
received a serious wound. He is seen^^ in the painting falling 
from his horse near the left of Stannard's works." He was 
caught in the arms of Lieutenants Hooker and Benedict, of 
General Stannard's staiiV ^^^^ General Stannard^^ himself, 
with admirable dexterity, stanched the blood from the terrible 
wound in the groin, or otherwise he would have soon bled to 
death," as the surgeons were of course in the rear, and one could 
not for some time be found. But General Hancock peremp- 
torily refused to be taken from the field until the contest was 
decided. 

General Gibbon was seriously wounded in the arm about 
the same time that Hancock fell.'^ He was in front of the 
19th Maine volunteers,^^ of Harrow's brigade, when he was 
shot, attempting to wheel those troops out of the line to 
deliver a flank fire on Pickett's column. He was taken from 
the field by Captain Wessells of his staff.^^ * 

Webb's brigade is represented immediately in advance of 
General Meade.^'' It had been in position at the stone wall ®* 
in its front, its left, the 69th Pennsylvania volunteers,"^ rest- 

a. Hancock's report. Spot locjited on the field by General Hancock. 

b. Stannard's report. 

c. Private letters of Lieutenant Benedict of General Stannard's staif. 

d. Gibbon's report. 

e. Verbal statement of General Gibbon. 

* 



-^2 GETTYSBURG— DESCRIPTIVE KEY. 

ing opposite the copse of trees M, the line extending to the 
right along the stone wall to the angle,^^ with tw^o companies 
of the 71st Pennsylvania volunteers ^^ at a wall, which is re- 
tired fifty yards from the right of the advanced line. The 72d 
Pennsylvania volunteers ^^ lay in a second line to the right and 
rear of the copse M. The guns of Cushing's battery were at 
first in position^' on the crest between Webb's two lines, where 
Gushing was severely wounded, but refused to leave the field. 
When Pickett advanced, he ran three of his pieces down to the 
wall where they are seen*'" in the painting, and with double 
shotted guns swept his front with canister, opening great gaps 
in the ranks of the attacking fines. While directing their fire 
he was shot in the mouth and instantly killed. Some of his 
men bore his body to the rear, as sBen in the painting.^*' 

Pickett's column after it had been turned aside from its at- 
tack on Stannakd's brigade fell on Webb's brigade. 

General Webb, seeing the necessity for re-enforcements, had 
meantime hurried back to the Tl^d Pennsylvania volunteers,^^ 
in his second line, to bring them into action ; but the Confeder- 
ates had advanced with the impetuosity of the wdiirlwind. In 
a moment the center of Webb's front line, held by a portion of 
the 71st Pennsylvania volunteers,'^^ was swept from its position 
at the wall,^ which was instantly seized by the assailants, 
thougli the ])lackeued clothes of many of the dead showed that 
a portion at least of the regiment had remained until pushed 
from their position by sheer force of numbers. The importance 
of the admirable disposition of the two right companies ^^ of the 
7 1st Pennsylvania volunteers was now apparent. From their 
retired position, lying securely protected behind a stone wall 
within point-blank range, they, with the left of Hays' divi- 
sion,''''""''^'" opened a deadly cross-fire, effectually preventing 
an approach upon their works. All attempts of General Webb, 
assisted by the remaining ollicers of the regiment and by his 



WEBB'S AND HALL'S BRIGADES. 13 

adjutant-general, Captain Banes,'-- Lieutenant Haskell ^^ of Gen- 
eral Gibbon's stall', and Captain Parker ^'■^ of General Hancock's 
staff, to bring forward the second line failed. Colonel Baxter, of 
the 72(1 Pennsylvania, had been badly wounded the previous 
evening, and the regiment had suffered severely in officers and 
men during the cannonade ; they opened however a heavy fire 
of musketry from the crest, which contributed very materially to 
the repulse of the attack. Failing to secure the advance of 
the 72(1, General Webb hurried again to the G9th Pennsyl- 
vania volunteers,"^ which he found still fighting manfully, and 
holding its own on the left, although numbers of Confederates 
had already gained the copse of trees in their rear. This regi- 
ment lost heavily in ofticers and men; Colonel O'Kane and 
Lieutenant-Colonel Schudy were killed and Major Duffy was 
wounded. 

Colonel Hall's brigade is represented massing on General 
Webb's left ; its gallant leader can be seen directing its move- 
ments."'' It had been formed on a prolongation of Webb's 
lines, Avith three regiments in the front line, protected by 
a slight work of earth and rails, and two in the second line, 
on the left of Rorty's battery ,^^ which occupied the crest. 
Brown's battery*^ had been in position between Rorty's and 
Cushing's.*'^ 

As General Hancock rode in front of the 19th Massachu- 
setts, which, with the 4 2d New York volunteers, formed Hall's 
second line. Colonel Devereux of the former regiment went to 

a. The above account has been abstracted from General Webb's report, and a 
private letter in my possession written by him to his wife two days after the bat- 
tle, the whole arrangement having been made on the canvas, at my request, by 
General Webb, assisted by several members of his staff"; the painting being 
finished by his approval after revisiting the field at Gettysburg. 

b. I have in my possession a diagram drawn by Colonel Hall, showing the 
position of his regiments, and previous to his death he visited Mr. Walker's 
studio, and with other ofiicers of his command, superintended their arrangement 
on the painting. 



•1^ . GETTYSBURO— DESCRIPTIVE KEY. 

him and asked permission to move up and engage the troops 
then advancing on Webb. Receiving permission to do so," 
these two regiments ''- "'^ hurried to Webb's relief, as seen in the 
painting, passing in rear of the copse of trees M ; and imme- 
diately afterward Colonel Hall ordered the 7th Michigan^'* and 
20th Massachusetts^^ to "break from their right to the rear" 
and move rnpidly to the same place, which was done with re- 
markable promptness, during which Lieutenant-Colonel Steele, 
commanding the 7tli Michigan, was killed. The 59th New York 
volunteers" remained at the wx)rks in the front line,^ and 
Harrow's brigade, with the 2()th New York S. M.,''^^ and the 
151st Pennsylvania volunteers ^ followed the course of Hall's 
regiments, and charged up to the trees, the two latter regiments 
passing in front of them. During this movement regimental 
organizations were completely lost ; the colors were pushed 
indiscriminately to the front follow^ed by the enthusiastic 
men." The loth and 16th Vermont volunteers, of Stannard's 
brigade, moved to their right, "changed front forward," and 
opened fire on Pickett's right flaidv.^'-' '^^• 

Harrow's brigade, composed of the 82d New York,^^ 19th 
Maine," 15th Massachusetts,*" aiid 1st Minnesota volunteers,'^'^ 
occui)ied a i)osition on the left of Hall's front line, with the 
20th New York S. M.,''^' and the 151st Pennsylvania volunteers ^ 
(of the 1st brigade, 3d division, 1st corps. General Rowley) on 
its left; in the painting all of these troops are seen moving up 
to Webb's support.*^ The position occupied by Brown's battery 

n. (loncral Hancock's report. Tliis inovoinent was fully explained on the field 
at Gettysliiiru;, in tlie suniiner of 18()!), by (reneral Webb, Colonels l)EVEUP:nx and 
JiAXTEK, Captain Banes, and many other officers of rank engaged in the iinmedlato 
vicinity. 

h. Statement of Cohniel Hai.l. — See Colonel Macy's letter, also re])ort of o9tU 
New York volunteers. 

c. See reports of General Harrow, and also reports of 15th Massachusetts, 1st 
Mitmesota volunteers, 20th New York State militia, and 151st Pennsylvania volun- 
teers. 

(/. (ienerals Gibbon's and Harrow's reports. 



FLANK ATTACK ON THE LEFT. 15 

B, 1st Rhode Island,*^ has been vacated,'' but Rorty's battery 

B, 1st New York/^ is represented at the left and rear of 
Harrow's brigade. Still further to the left is Thomas's battery 

C, 4th U. S.,^® and McGilvery's brigade of reserve artillery^*^ 
(1st brigade), composed of Thompson's G and F, Pennsyl- 
vania (independent), Phillips' 5th Massachusetts, Hart's 15th 
New York (independent), Sterling's 1st Connecticut, Cooper's 
B, 1st Pennsylvania, Dow's 6th Maine, and Ames' G, New 
York, batteries;^ while further yet is the 5th corps artillery, 
under its chief, Captain Martin, of which Rittenhouse's bat- 
tery D, 5th U. S.,^' is engaged" on Little Round Top B.'^ 

Stannard's brigade is represented immediately over and in 
front of Harrow's brigade, and at right angles to it; the right 
of its line, the 13th Vermont volunteers,^'^ has ceased firing to 
allow prisoners to pass to the rear. It had been in position 
fifty yards in advance of Harrow's left, and lay along a slight 
earth-work with one regiment^*^ to the left of the clump of 
trees, where it remained when the others moved. The right of 
Longstreet's column of attack was aimed toward this brigade, 
and continued to advance until it reached the flat ground in 
its front, W'hen receiving a sweeping flank fire from McGil- 
very's brigade of artillery,^*'* and possibly discovering the 
formidable front presented by Stannard's brigade, supported 
by the balance of Doubleday's division^" in its rear, it 
veered off to the Union right, and advanced upon Webb's 
brigade/ Immediately Stannard's whole brigade rose from 



a. Captain Hazard's report. 

l. General Hunt's and Major McGilvery's reports. 

c. General Ilcxx'sanil Captain Martin's rej)orts. 

d. Lieutenant Hazlett, commander of this batterv, was killed the evening 
before. 

e. Major McGilvery's report ; report of Scale's brigade ; General Lane's 
report. 

f. General Newton's report; General Stannard's report; Colonel Gates' 
report (20th New York State militia). 



2g GETTYSBURG— DESCRIPTIVE KEY. 

its works and poured a murderous fire upon Pickett's right 
flank." 

Arnold's battery A, 1st Rhode Island/^^ had been in 
position on the crest at the right of Cushing's battery A, 4th 
U. S./^ but having been seriously disabled, it is represented "^ 
retiring from the field, drawn off by the men.* 

On the right of this battery lay Hays' command, 3d division, 
2d corps. The 2d brigade, Smyth's, composed of the 14th 
Connecticut,'^ 1st Delaware,'"' 12th New Jersey,"^ .^^-^^ ^QSth 
New York volunteers,''^® was at the stone wall ; and the 10th 
New York volunteers acting as provost guard ; and to its 
right was the 3d brigade, Siierrill's,'' composed of the 
125th,''^2-'^ lllth,'"^'' 126th,''^^ and 39th New York volun- 
teers,'**^ with its left overlapping Smyth, and its right extending 
beyond'^ Bryan's house W. General Hays,'**" stripped to the 
shirt, is seen bringing up and fighting his troops.* Colonel 
Smyth '"^ was wounded by an exploding shell, as shown near 
Bryan's house. Beyond the house in the grove, Colonel Sher- 
rill'"' is being borne, mortally wounded, from the field.-^ 

Immediately in front of Hays' division, and at right angles 
to it, is the 8th Ohio volunteers''* of Carroll's brigade,^ It 

a. "The 12th and 15th Vermont volunteers of tliis brigade were detached at 
Emmettsburg by order of Major-General Reynolds to guard the corps train." 
Lieutenant Bknediot, aid-de-camp to General Stannakd. 

h. General Hunt's and Captain IIazahu's reports. 

c. Wiien the battle commenced this brigade was commanded by Colonel 
"Willahd, r25th New York volunteers, who was killed on tlie evening of the 2d. 
After tlie death of Colonel Siieruiix it was commanded by Colonel MacDougall, 
111th New York volunteers, who was wounded, and the command fell on Lieu- 
tenant-Colonel Bull, 126th New York volunteers. 

d. See reports of General Hays, also reports of llltli and 12Gth New York 
volunteers, 

e. Statements of Ca[)taiu Wm. C. Savii.le of Colonel Smyth's staff. 

f. General Hays' re[>ort and verbal statements of subordinate officers. 

(J. 1st brigade, 8d division, 2d corps, composed of the 4tli and 8th Ohio, 7th 
Virginia (Union), and lltli Indiana volunteers. Colonel Carkoi.i. was ordered to 
report to Major-General Howard on tlie evening of the 2d with tliree regiments, 
where he remained until the close of the battle. 



FLANK ATTACK ON THE RIGHT. 



17 



had been on the skirmish line with its reserves on the Em- 
mettsburg road. When Pettigrew advanced on its left, Colonel 
Sawyer, instead of foiling back, '• changed front forward on 
left company," and opened fire.* 

Woodruff's battery, I, IstU. S.,^'** was engaged in the grove 
at the right of Bryan's house W. Its commander, after having 
won the encomiums of his superiors for the gallantry and 
efficiency with which he served his guns, was, at the moment 
of victory,'' stricken down^^' in death. 

On the riirht, General Robinson^^^ is seen movins: his com- 
maud, 2d division, 1st corps, up to the support of General Hays," 
Colonel Coulter's brigade "•^'^ having the advance, followed by 
General Baxters brigade."^ ^ General Howard"^ ordered this 
movement to be covered by Smith's brigade, "^-^ which opened 
a brisk fire of musketry. 

At the same time the skirmish line of General Schurz's^^""" 
division (3d), 11th corps, nobly engaged the sharp-shooters of 
IloDEs' division in the edge of the town.'' 

The artillery on Cemetery Hill Z, under Major Osborne,^^^ 
chief of artillery of the 11th corps, is seen on the right of the 
picture, pouring volleys of canister into the flank of the assault- 
ins: column.''' 



a. Reports of Colonel Sawyer, 8th Ohio volunteers, and General Lane, North 
Carolina brigade, See Appendix. 

J. Captain Hazard's report. See Appendix. 

c. See General Kewton's report. 

d. 1st brigade, Coulter's, was composed of the 107th Pennsylvania, 94th and 
lOith New York, IGth Maine, and 13th Massachusetts volunteers. 

e. 2d brigade, Baxter's, was composed of tlie 97th and 83d New York, 12th 
Massachusetts, and 8Sth and 90th Pennsylvania volunteers. Positions and explana- 
tions given by Generals Robixson and Coulter, on the field at Gettysburg. 

f. 2d brigade, 2d division, 11th corps,^l5 composed of the 55th and 73d Ohio, 
136th New York, and 33d Massachusetts volunteers, of Steinwehr's^^o (2d) divi- 
sion, 11th corps. The 33d Massachusetts volunteers were detached from the bri- 
gade, and were in position on the right of the corps. 
g. Reports of General Schuez and General Rodes. 
h. Reports of Generals Howard and Steinwehr, and Major Osborne. 
* 



2g GETTYSBURG— DESCRIPTIVE KEY. 

Prominent in the right foreground is Wheeler's battery/*^' 
13th New York (independent), which is going to the front, tw 
guns having ah'eady opened." 

A hirge number of prisoners are seen^'^ coming in imm( 
diately on Wheeler's right,^ beyond which two guns of Wier' 
battery,'^^ C, 5th U. S., under Sergeant Trevor, are goin, 
into ])o.siti()n.*' 

Colonel Morgan,"® chief of General Hancock's staff, ha 
brought up Martin's"' (F, 5th U. S.) and Butler's ^'-"^ (G, 2 
U. S.) regular batteries from the 6th corps artillery.'^ 

Colonel ToMPKiNS,^"^ chief of the 6th corps artillery 
with the lemaining batteries led by McCartney's Massj 
chusetts,^-^ is on the Taneytown road Y (at the right o 
the painting), directing the relief of batteries on Cemeter 
Hill/ 

Captain Hazard,^*^ chief of the 2d corps artillery, th 
mounted officer in the center of the left foreground, is direc 
ing Captain Cowan ®^ where to place the battery ^^ which h 
has brought up to his assistance. 

The spirited figure going to the front beyond Lieutenar 
Gushing,^® is Captain Farrell,'^ Company C, 1st Minnesot 
volunteers. He commanded the division provost-guard Avhic 
had been deployed in rear of the line. When the front liii 
was penetrated he assembled his men (those wearing hats'"'' 
in rear of Weub's and Hall's brigades), and led them into th 
breach, lie was killed, and a large proportion of his me 
were killed or wounded/ 

To the left of General Webb'*' is seen General Hunt, 
commanding the artillery of the Army of the Potomac. Hi 

a. See General Webb's report. 1>. See Generul Meade's letter. 

c. See General Hunt's report. Statement of General Webb and Captain Hazae: 

d. See Colonel Mohoan's letter. Statement of Lieutenant Butler. 

e. Statement of Colonel Tompkins. See Colonel Mougan's letter. 
/. Colonel Coi.ville's letter. 

* 



LEFT FOREGROUND. , 19 

horse was killed at that point ; and, after extricating himself, 
he went into the engagement with his revolvers." 

In the left foreground of the painting, Cowan's battery ,^^ 
13th New York (independent), is represented going into posi- 
tion, to the left of which is Brown's battery, B, 1st Hhode 
Island,'*'^^ coming out, having exhausted its ammunition. 

Immediately over this is the figure of General Gibbon,'*^ 
passing wounded to the roar, one of his staff-officers is seen 
conveying the division colors^ to General Harrow.® " 

At the extreme left, Fitzhugh's battery, K, 1st New York, 
is going to the frout,'^and over and beyond this, Major-General 
Birney/ commanding 3d corps, and Brigadier-General Ward,'* 
commanding his 1st division, are represented. In their rear 
are three regiments "^ (the 3d Maine, 20th Indiana, and 99th 
Pennsylvania) of Ward's brigade, sent to the support of 
General Webb." Colonel Berdan," their brigade commander, is 
moving up in their front.-^ The infantry represented on this 
part of the field, was held in reserve, and was not actively 
engaged in the repulse of the assaulting columns, though it 
suffered severely from the cannonade. 

Major-General Newton,^" commanding 1st corps, and Ma- 
jor-General Doubleday,^'' commanding his 3d division, with 
their stall-officers, are immediately beyond General Birney.^ 



a. I visitt'd tlie field witli General IIun-t, aiul at my request, he pointed out 
the s[)ot where his horse was shot. See Captain Cowan's letter. 
h. General Hunt's and Captain Hazakd's reports. 

c. Statement of General Gikbon. 

d. FiTZHUon's report. 

e. Major-General Bikney's letter : — 

"Throe of my ief;imcnts— 3J Maine, 99th Pennsylvania, and 20th Indiana volunteers— were sent to 
support General Wehh. General J. H. Hobakt Waki> comma'idert my 1st (iivision, and Colonels H. J. 
Mauii.1., H. BF.r.iiAN, and Hegis ue Tuobriand, coinmaiideil his three brigades. 
Signed D. B. BiRNEY, 

Major-General commanding 3d corps." 

/. 2d brigade, 1st division, 3d corps— 3d and 4th Maine, 20th Indiana, 86th and 
124:th New York, and 99th Pennsylvania volunteers, and the 1st and 2d regiments 
U, S. sharp-shooters. 



9() GETTYSBUR(!— DESCRIPTIVE KEY. 

The brigade commanders of this division are in the vicinity." 
Brigadier-General Rowley/' of the 1st brigade,^ is repre- 
sented to their right; and over him, Colonel Dana,^ com- 
mand the l^d brigade;'" while to the right and front of 
Rowley is General Harrow and staff,*^ 1st brigade, 2d divi- 
sion, 2d corps, to whom the colors of the 2d division are being 
borne.'^ 

On the next ridge beyond and to the left of Colonel Dana,^ 
are Colonels De Trobriand and Madill,''^ commanding the 
od'' and 1st* brigades, 1st division, 3d corps. Moving up 
in the rear of these troops is Parsons' battery, A, '^'^ 1st New- 
Jersey, which, with K, 1st New York,^ were brought up by 
Captain Fitzhugii.-^ 

Further to the left, and near the extreme left of tlie paint- 
ing, Brigadier- General Eustis'"^ has just moved up with his 
command ; 2d brigade,'' od division, Gth corps. 

Beyond, and to the left of Eustis, is General Shaler^'' 
with the 1st brigade,^' od division, Gth corps.* 

To the right of Shaler,'^ and on the same parallel, is 
Brigadier-General Carr,'^"'' and his stalF, commanding 1st bri- 
gade,-' 2d division, ?>d corps. 

Immediately beyond Carr is his superior officer, Major- 
General Humphreys,"*' commanding 2d division, 3d corps. Of 
General Humphreys' other brigade commanders. Colonel Brew- 

a. Fur a detailed account of the formation of tiiis i)art of the line, see General 
Newton's report. Tlie 1st division, 1st corps, General Wadswokth, was on Gulp's 
Hill, and is not seen on this painting. 

1>. I-2l8t, 142(1, and 151st Pennsylvania volunteers, and the 20th New York S. M.^^^ 

c. 143d, 14'.ltli, and 150th Pennsylvania volunteers. 

d. 3d and 5th Michigan. 17th Maine, 40th New York, and 1 10th Pennsylvaniu.l^ 

e. 57th, 03d, OSth, 105th, and 141st Pennsylvania volunteers.i'^ 
/. Pahso.ns' and Fitziiugh's reports. 

g. 2d Rhode Island, 7th, 10th, and 37tli Massachusetts volunteers. ^2 
h. 65th, G7th, and 122d New York, 2od and S2d Pennsylvania volunteers.l^ 
i. See General Sedgwick's report. 
' j. 1st, 11th, and IGth Massachusetts, 11th New Jersey, 12th New Hampshire, 
and 26th Pennsylvania volunteera.^^-^ 



POSITION OF TKOOrS ON THK LKFT. 21 

STER,^' commandinii; 2d brimule," is seen immediately to the 
right, while Colonel Burling/^ commanding 3d brigade/' is to 
the left and on the next ridge." 

Directly to the right of Burling/'' and in front of the grove, 
is represented Brigadier-General Caldwell,^ commanding 1st 
division, 2d corps, with his four brigade commanders : Colonels 
Frazer,^'^ 3d brigade;'^ McKeene,^^ 1st brigade;" Kelly, '^'-'' 2d 
brigade / and Brooke,^^ 4th brigade/ Major McGilvery, 
commanding 1st brigade artillery reserve, is with the artil- 
lery^*^ at Caldwell's right, and in the open field be}'ond are 
shown, from left to right, Brigadier-General Torbert,'^"* 1st 
brigade,'' 1st division, 6th corps, and Brigadier-General 
Wright,^^ 1st division, Gth corps, with their staff officers. 
Immediately to the right of these groups, and in front of the 
grove, is Brigadier-General Barnes,^^ commanding 1st division, 



a. 1st, 2(1, 3(1, 4th, ami 5tli Excelsior, and 120th New York volunteers.2i 
h. 2(1 New Hampshire, 5th, 6tli, 7th, and 8th New Jersey, and 115th Pennsyl- 
vania volunteers. 13 

r. Extract from General Humphreys' report : — 

" My division w.is moved rapidly to the risht and formt^d in mass (20) in rear and support of the left of 
the 2d corps (Caldwell's division). (23) * * * Several batteries being in position in my front." (26) 

Extract from private letter: — 

" t have placed the position of eaeh of my brigades in pencil on the map — that is the position they occu- 
pied on the afternoon of .July 3. My first bri^rade was commanded by Brisadier-General J. B. CARB(19-b) 
My second by Colonel William R. Bukwster (21). and my third by Colonel Geoucje C. Burlini; (19). 

"A. A. Humphreys, Mnjor-General United States Volunteers, 

'■ Commanding second division, third corps." 

d. 52d, 57th, and (lOth New York, and 140th Pennsylvania volnnteers.22 

e. 5th New Hampshire, 61st New York, 81st and 148th Pennsylvania volun- 
teers.^" 

/. 28th Massachusetts, oed, 09th, and 88th New York (consolidated), and the 
116th Pennsylvania volunteers.'-6-a 

g. 2d Delaware, 27th Connecticut, 64th New York, 5.3d and 145th Pennsylvania 
volunteers.2S 

Tiie positions of Caldwell's four brigades were given me by each of 
its brigade commanders, corroborated by General Caldwell while visiting tho 
Army of the Potomac. The three last lay at the works between the guns of 
McGilyery's artillery; 29 the other (Colonel Frazer's) 22 lay behind an old stone 
wall in the second line. Tlie whole arrangement was subsequently point-ed out 
and explained to me on the field by Colonel Brooke.28 

h. 1st, 2d, 3d and 15tli New Jersey volunteers.21 



22 GETTYSBURG.— DESCRIPTIVE KEY. 

5th corps ; Colonel Sweitzer,^^ commanding his 2(1 brigade," 
and Colonel Rice,''^ commanding his 3d brigade.^ A half mile 
to the right of these, near the wheat-field G. lay McCaiNDLess's 
brigade,"^' " of Crawford's di^'ision, of Pennsylvania Re- 
serves, 3d division, 5th corps; while midway between, and in 
front of Little Round Top B, was Brigadier-General Wheaton's'^''^ 
head-quarters, 3d division, 6th corps, with Brigadier-Gener;il 
Bartlett's*^'' and Colonel Nevins'^'^" brigades of his divi- 
sion. The formation of the ground did not admit of repre- 
senting on the painting the head-quarters and troops of these 
commands, or those to the left of this part of the line ; but 
their locality is indicated on the Kcii. The line from this point 
was continuous to the summit of Round Top D, passing over 
Little Round Top B. From there it was refused to the left 
nearly a mile, crossing the Taneytown road A, and may be 
indicated on the painting by the line of forest to the left of 
Round Top. The head-quarters of Major-General Sykes,'^ com- 
manding 5th corps, and Major-General Sedgwick,^" command- 
ing the Gth cor}»s, were together''^^ in rear of the i)()sterior slope 
of Little Round Top B, and beyond the grove, which separated 
them from General Torbert's head-quarters."^-^ Brigadier- 
General Ayres,^^ commanding 2d division, 5th corps, held 
Little Round Top B. Colonel Garrahd,"'" commanding his 3d 

a. 4tli Micliiffiin, 02(1 Pennsylvania, 9th and 32(1 Massachusetts voluiiteers.'^i 
Tlie 9th Massachusetts was detached from the brigade and lay on Round Top D- 

h. l()th Michiiran, 4-ith New York, 8;3d Pennsylvania, and 2()th Maine volun- 
teers. -"l ('iilonel VjNCENT had been killed the evening previous. 

c. 1st, 2(1, and Hth regiments of Pennsylvania Reserves, and the 1st Ritles. 
(The I 1th Regiu'.ent of "Reserves" was temporarily atta(died to this brigade.) 
Position ])ointed out on the fieM by General McCandi.ks.s, and all of his regi- 
mental (Commanders. See General Ckawkoud's report. 

(I. 2d brigade, composed of the 5tii Maine, 121st New York, 9.5th and 9nth 
Pennsylvania volunteers.^^ 

e. ?,A brigade, r>2d New York, 9:ld, 9Sth, 102d, and W.>X\\ Pennsylvania volun- 
tee-rs.^0 

f. Pointed out on the field by Major-General Sykes, and his adjutant-general, 
Brevet Brigadier-Creneral Locke. 



POSITION OF TROOPS ON THE LEFT. 9^ 

4^ 'J 

brigade'' (Weed's) had the front lino, while the two brigades of 
regulars, the Ist/' corrnnanded by Colonel Day/'^''' and the 2d,''' 
by Colonel Bl'kbank,^-"'' lay in the second line/^ In the valley 
beyond were two regiments* of Colonel Tilton's brigade (1st 
brigade, 1st diyision, 5th corps), followed by two regiments-'' of 
Colonel FisiiKii's brigade of Pennsylvania Reserves, 3d brigade, 
3d division, oth corps. Beyond these was the Ninth Massa- 
chusetts volunteers." This regiment had been deployed as 
skirmishers on the extreme right of the army, on tlie morning 
of the second, but their brigade changed its position and they 
became separated from it. Next, connecting on its left, and 
extending up Round Top proper, were the two remaining 
regiments'' of Tilton's brigade."'"' And on their left, terminat- 
ing on the summit of the mountain, were the two remaining 
regiments of Colonel Fisher's brigade of "R.eserves."^''*^ Two 
Cth corps brigades under General Wright^*' formed the crotchet 
retiring from Round Top to the left and rear across the Taney- 
town road A. Colon 'il Grant commanded the right, 2d bri- 
gade,^" -^ 2d division, Gth corps, and General Russell,''^ the 
left, 3d brigade,* 1st division, Gth corps/ These troops were 
at no time actively engaged. This was the extreme left of the 
infantry force of the army. Barnes' battery, CV^ 1st New York, 

a. 91st and l-iOth Pennsylvania, 140th and HOth New York volunteers.^' 
Genera] Weeu was killed the day before. Colouel Gakkakd's report. 
h. ;id, 4lh, Cth, 12th, and 14th infantry.32-a 

c. 2d, 7tli, 10th, nth, and 17th Jnfantry.82-b 

d. Explained on the field by General Ayees. 

e. 18th and 22d Massachusetts volunteers. Positions pointed out on the field 
by Colonel Tji.tox. 

/. ilth and 10th Pennsylvania "Reserves." See General Ckawfoku's report. 

ff. 2d hrifrade (.Sweitzee's;. 1st division, 5th corps. 

h. 118th Pennsylvania and 1st Michigan volunteers.29 

i. .5th and 12th Pennsylvania " Reserves." 3S Okawfoeo's report. 

j. 2d, .3d, 4th, 5th, and 'ith Vermont volunteers.^'^ 
k. 5th Wisconsin, Gth Maine, 49th and 119th Pennsylvania volunteers.'' 
l. General Sedgwick's report. Verbal explanation by Colouel Geant and 
General Rdsseix. 



24 GETTYSBURG— DESCRIPTIVE KEY. 

and Martin's battery, C, '^ Massachusetts, were ordered on Iho 
3d by Captain Martin, chief of the 5th corps artillery, lo 
report to General Wright,'' and wore jdaced in position in 
the rear of Round Top. General Kilpatrick,'^ witii Farns- 
worth's'*'^'' and Merritt's '""'"' brigades of cavalry, ac('oni])anied 
by Elder's'-' and CJraiiam's'^^ batteries of hoisc-arlillciy ( i^^, Itli 
United States, and K, 1st United States), were beyond and to 
the front of Kound Top. General Custer's brigade was 
engaged with General Gregg's division of cavalry on the right 
wing of the army. 

a Tliere were two brigades at. tliis ])()iiit. One (Giiant's) from Howe's i^ divi- 
sion, and one (KrssKi.i.'s) from Winoirr's division. CJeneral IIovvk remained willi 
the trooi)S all the time, thouf^h (leiieral Wiught was the raiikin;^ ollieer, and in 
command. 

b. 1st Vermont, 1st West Virj^inia (Union), 5th New York, and IStli Pennsyl- 
vania, and one squadron 1st Ohio volunteer eavalrv.'**' General FAimswouTii made 
a very gallant charge with 1st V^ermont and 1st West Virginia cavalry, during 
which he was killed. 

c. 1st, 2d, and 5th U. S. regulars and Oth Pennsylvania cavalry. -^^ (leneral 
Kilpatkick's report. I also spent several days witli this conunand at Stevens- 
burg, Va., in the winter of 1803-4, deriving from its ofllcers the fiilk-st details, 
which fully corroborated statements of Confederate ollicers given me in the liospital 
at Gettysburg. 

* 



Cl]c CIjirD ^M) of t\}t liattlc. 

TuE first hours of dawn on July 3d were devoted to driving 
EwELL from the works seized by him on Gulp's Hill, which was 
accomplished after a heavy cannonade by the artillery, followed 
by severe fighting on the part of the 12th corps, re-enforced by 
General Shaler's brigade of the 0th corps, which lasted several 
hours. Ruger's division, consisting of McDougall's and Col- 
GR0v?]'s brigades, which with Lockwood's independent brigade, 
and Candy's and Kane's brigades, of Geary's division, had re- 
turned during the night ; the latter brigade in time to partici- 
pate at the close of the engagement. 

From this time until one o'clock in the afternoon there was 
no general fighting. General Lee was preparing for the grand 
assault on which he based his hopes of carrying the Union 
position, and severing the Union army, sweep it from, the field. 
The Confederates lay mainly along Seminary Ptidge, Hood's 
division holding the right wing** being advanced to the woods 
in front of Round Top D. Law's ^■^*' and Anderson's ^^^ brigades 
had moved on the 3d to the extreme right to watch Kilpat- 
rick's cavalry ,^^ with which they were engaged late in the 
afternoon, beyond and in front of Round Top D.* Hood's line 
consisted of Law's,^""'' Robertson's,^-*^ "^ Anderson's,^^'* and Ben- 
ning's ^'^^-^ brigades. General Hood was wounded on the after- 

a. Longstkeet's report. 

I. Verbal .statement of General Hood. — Verbal statement of the officers of the 
loth Alabama regiment. 

c. Law's brigade,i30 4th, Loth, 44th, 47th, and 48th Alabama. 

d. RoBEHTSox's brigade,i26 igt^ 4th, and 51st Texas, and 8d Arkansas. 
«. Anderson's brigade,i27 7th, 8th, 9th, 11th, and 59th Georgia. 

/. Benning's brigade, 128 2d, 15th, 17th, and 20th Georgia. 



Og GKTTYSBURG -DESCRIPTIVE KEY. 

noon of the 2d, and his division was commanded on the 3d 
by General Robertson. McLaavs' division on his left, extended 
northward across the country road leading from the Emmetts- 
burg road at the peach orchard H, westerly toward Fairfield/' 
Ilis line consisted of Kershaw's,^'- '^ Barksdale's,''^" Wofford's,'^''* 
and Semmes'^'"* brigades. On McLaws' left was Anderson's 
division, consisting of WilcoxV'^ Perry s,^^'''' Wright's,^'''' 
Posey's/^^' and Mahone's^"''^-'' brigades; the two former in an 
advanced position, under orders to cover the right of the 
assaulting column ; the others remained behind the crest of 
Seminary Ridge. 

General Pickett's division of Longstreet's corps arrived in 
the field on the morning of July od,^ and, not having been 
previously engaged, was selected to form the right wing of the 
assaulting column/ the left being composed of troops from 
Hill's corps. Pickett's division consisted of three brigades of 
Virginia troops, under Generals Ke.mper,^*^ "" Garnett,^"^ '^ and 
Armistead.^"'*'^'' The two first named formed the front line ; 
Armistead held the second.' Heth's division of Hill's corps, 
commanded by General Pettigrew,' formed the left wing. 
Archer's ^'^'^^ brigade, of Tennessee and Alabama troops, com- 

a. Statement of General Wofford. 

i. Kehsiiaw's brigade,i29 2(], 3d, 7tli, Stli, and 15th South Carolina. 

c. Barksdale's brigade,i'5S 13th, 17th, 18th, and 21st Mississippi. 

d. Wofford's brigade,i32 lotli, 18th, and 24tli regiments, Cobb's legion, and 
Phillips'' legion, Georgia. 

e. Semmes' hrigade,i3i 10th, 50th, 51st, and 53d Georgia. 

/. Wilcox' brigade,i35 8th, 9th, 10th, 11th, and 14th Alabama. 
g. Perry's brigade,i3f 2d, 5th, and 8th Florida. 

h. Wright's brigade,i5i 2d, 3d, 22d, 48th, and 2d battalion, Georgia. 
- i. Posey's brigade,i43 i2th, 16th, 19th, and 48th Mississippi. 
j. Maiione's brigade,l45 ctli, 12tli, ICtli, 41st, and 61st Virginia. 
k. Statement of Colonel Harrison, General Pickett's adjutant-general. 
I. Longstreet's report. 

m. Kemper's brigade, '^a 1st, 3d, 7th, llth, and 24th Virginia. 
n. Gabnett's brigade, 8th, 18th, 19th, 28th, and 56th Virginia. 
0. Armistead's brigade, 9th, 14th, 38tli, 53d, and 57th Virginia. 
p. Archer's brigade,i60 igt, 7th, and 14th Tennessee, oth and 13th Alabama. 



FORMATION FOR THE ASSAULT. 27 

manded by Colonel Frye, held its right, and joined on Gar- 
nett's left. Brockenborough's Virginia brigade/^'^ "^ held the 
left of Pettigrevv's comniand, while his own brigade of North 
Carolinians,^'^*' ^ commanded on this occasion by Colonel Mar- 
shall, was on the right-center,and Davis's Mississippi brigade,^*'"'' 
on the left-center. These troops formed the first line of the 
left wing of the assanlting column. The second line, com- 
manded by Major-General Trimble, formed in rear of Petti- 
GREw's right.*^ Scales' North Carolina brigade,^^®^ commanded 
by Colonel Lourance, held its right/ and Lane's North Caro- 
lina brigade,'" ^ the left. 

Thomas's North and McGowAxN's South Carolina brigades, 
of Pender's division, Hill's corps, had been advanced the 
nis;ht before to a narrow road leading from the town to Bliss' 
buildings N,'' and being covered by the intermediate ridge, 
and in a favorable position to protect the left wing of the 
assaulting column, remained there, with Thomas's brigade'*'^* 
on the right, and McGowan's brigade,'"'-^ commanded by 
Colonel Perrin, on the left. On the hitter's left, nen.rer 
town, was Ramseur's brigade'"^ of North Carolina troops, 
and, in succession, the other brigades of Rodes' division. 

a. BuooKENBORouGn's brig;ule,i^2 40tli, 47tli, and 55tli, and 22d battalion, 
Viri^nnia. 

b. Pkttiguew's l)risade,i55 ntli, 20tb, 47tb, and 52d North Carolina. 

c. Davis's brigade, 2d, lltli, and 42d Mississippi, and 55th North Carolina. (A 
large nninber of the 2d and 42d were taken prisoners at tiie railroad cut S, on 
the first day.) 

d. Longstreet's report. 

e. Scales' (Louijance's) brigade,i5<5 i.sth, 10th, 22d, 34th, and 38th N. Carolina. 
/. Report of Scale's brigade. 

g. Lane's report. Lane's brigade,iCT 7th, 18th, 28th, 33d, and 37th Nortli 
Carolina. 

h. Burned by order of General Hats just previous to the cannonade. Hays' 
report. 

i. Thomas's brigade,i6S I4th, 35th, 45th, and 49th Georgia. 

j. McGowan's brigade,ni 1st, 12th, 13tli, 14th, and Ore's Rilles, South 
Carolina. 

k. Ramseur's brigade, 2d, 4th, 14th, and 30th North Carolina. 



28 GETTYSBURG— DESCRIPTIVK KEY. 

The massing of the artillery to cover the grand assault was 
on a no less formidable scale. Guns were placed on every 
available position ; which are indicated in the painting by putfs 
of smoke seen along Seminary Ridge to Oak Hill U, and in the 
key by the usual figures.* Henry's battalion of artillery^''*'' 
held the Confederate right, represented in the painting over 
and beyond the peach orchard H. On his left was Alexander's 
battalion/'^^ " at and in rear of the peach orchard. On the 
left of Alexander was Eshleman's battalion ^'^^'^ (the Wash- 
ington artillery of New Orleans). Next came Dearing's 
battalion.^'*'* ^ The two last named were within close ran2:e of 
the Union lines, and their fire proved very destructive. They 
are represented in the painting on the intermediate ridge 
between Cordora's house K, and the apple orchard J. On the 
left of Bearing's was Cabell's battalion, ^^^ which on the 
painting is seen beyond and in range of the copse of trees M. 
Poague's battalion ^^^^ was placed next in the line, and in suc- 
cession Garnett's,^^^^ Pegram's,^^^ ' Lane's,^^^'*-^ and McIn- 

a. Tlie batteries in the subjoined reference have been arranged from the reports 
of the several battalion commanders, and if any have been omitted, it may arise 
from the fact that they were not written for publication. 

h. Hexry's battalion 13* was composed of Rkilly's and Latham's batteries 
(and probably others, though not mentioned in Major Heart's report). 

c. Alexander's battalion, 136 composed of Moody's, Taylor's, Rhett's, 
Parker's, Jordan's, and Woolfolk's batteries. 

d. Eshleman's battalion 139 was composed of Miller's, Noecom's, and Richard- 
bon's batteries. 

e. Dearing's battalion '40 -^v^as composed of Stribling's, Miller's, Macon's, 
Oaskte's, and Blout'b batteries. 

f. Cabell's battalion i** was composed of Frazer's, Manly's, McCarthy's, 
and Carlton's batteries. 

g. Poagtte's battalion 149 comprised Vozatt's, Graham's, Ward's, and Brooks' 
batteries. 

h. Garnett's battalion. 152 Maurin's and Lewis's batteries are the only ones 
mentioned by name in Lientenant-Colonel Garxett's report, though he speaks of 
nine rifled guns being in position under Major Richardson. 

i. Pegram's battalion, I"'' comprising Manye's, Brander's, Zimmerman's, and 
McGraw's batteries. 

j. Lane's battalion i^s-" was composed of Ross's, Wingfield's, and Patterson's 
batteries. 



AKRAXGKMEXT OF ARTILLERY. 29 

tosh's ^^^ '' battalions, and Happ s,^*^^ Smith's/*'' Watson's/^ and 
Cunningham's^®'' batteries of Dx\.na's^ battalion, which filled the 
line to the railroad S. On Oak Hill U Lieutenant-General A. P. 
Hill, caused to be planted two Armstrong guns, of Rice's bat- 
tery, McIntosh's battalion, which during the battle distributed 
their bolts from Cemetery Hill Z to Round Top D. In this line 
the Confederates had nearly 150 guns.'' Holding the periphery 
of the circle, they were enabled by a concentration of fire upon 
any one point to bring thrice as many guns to bear upon it as 
could be used in reply. As it was, the Confederate line actual- 
ly held nearly twice as many guns as were in the Union line, 
which mounted only about 100 pieces,'^ all that could be placed 
in position. 

THE CANNONADE. 

It was not until one o'clock in the afternoon that the dread- 
ful preparations for the attack were completed ; but at that 
hour at a given signal the preliminary bombardment intended 
to cover the assault was opened.* This cannonading from 
nearly 250 guns continued uninterruptedly for two hours. 

a. McIntosh's battalion i'^^ was composed of Rice's, Joh^ison's, and Hart's 
batteries. In IIaht's were two Armstrong guns.^^'^ 

b. Dana's battalion, comprising Graham's, Dana's (Lieutenant Cunningham 
commanding), Watson's, "'•^ Smith's,!*)^ and Happ's batteries.'^i 

c. Report of General Pendleton, Confederate chief of artillery, corroborated 
by reports of each artillery battalion commander. 

d. Tiie report of General Hunt, chief of the Union artillery, gives seventy-live 
guns on tiie western crest of Cemetery Ridge, without enumerating those on 
Cemetery Hill Z. Major Osborne's report, chief of the eleventh corps artillery, 
places in position on the hill the batteries of Taft, 5th New York (Independent) ; 
DiLGER, I, 1st Ohio; Bancp.oft, G, 4th United States; Eakin, H, 1st United 
States; Wheeler, 13th New York (Independent); Hill, C, 1st Virginia;* and 
Captain Edgell, 1st New Hampshire, reports his battery there. Several of 
these batteries suffered severely during the two previous days, having guns dis- 
abled, and others may not have been engaged all the time; but I tliink twenty- 
tive guns a fair estimate, which would increase the number to one hundred. 

e. Pendleton's report. * Huntington, H. 1st Ohio. 



3Q GETTYSBURG— DKSCRIPTIVE KEY. 

Duriiij^' this terrible duel the Union troops crouched behind 
their rude breastworks, and such other slight cover as they 
could find behind outcropping rocks and the undulations of the 
surface tightly grasping the musket on which they knew they 
must finally depend. Many caissons* and limbers of artil- 
lery were exploded on both sides, and many, very many 
casualties occurred, but the destruction of life was not as great 
as might naturally be expected from such a fearful bombard- 
ment, which has never before been efiualed on this continent, 
if in the world. 

THE CHARGE AND REPULSE. 

Finally, at three o'clock, p. m., the cannonade ended, and 
the order was given for the grand assault. Pickett and Pet- 
TiGREW advanced simultaneously, followed by Trimble's com- 
mand. The gallant conduct of the Confederate troops during 
this celebrated attack has universally received the highest 
praise from the Union commanders.^ Pickett's Virginia 
troops were fresh in the field, and much better protected in 
their advance by the unduhitions of the surface than those of 
Pettigrew on his left, while Pettigrew and Trimble's commands, 
the first to break," had suffered the demoralizing disadvan- 
tage of having lost fearfully in the first day's battle. It is not 
strange that they broke before reaching the Union lines ; the 
great wonder is that they succeeded in advancing as far as 
they did. 

The advance of more than 1,300 yards was not distin- 
guished by that dash and enthusiasm which usually character- 
ises an infantry charge. Slowly but determinedly'^ they 

a. See MoGilvey's l)rigii(le,2C on tlie pjiinting. 

h. Hancock's, Hunt's, Hays', GiiiuoNs', Wehb's, Newton's, Stannard's, and 
otiier reports. 

c. LoN<iSTKKET's report. d. Union reports. 



THE ASSAULT AND RKPULSE. ^\ 

moved forward, notwithstanding each man knew every step 
brought him nearer " the jaws of death." For the first half 
of the distance a deathly silence reigned, save an occasional 
shot from some gunner who was not impressed with the awful 
solemnity of the scene. It was not until half across the plain* 
that they encountered the fire of the Union artillery, but 
against which, as a man presses against a blinding storm, they 
moved steadily on as if impelled by a will greater than their 
own, some mighty, unseen power which they could not resist. 
Solid shot plowed through their ranks, spherical-case rattled 
in their midst, and canister swept them by hundreds from the 
field. Yet on they pressed untlinchingiy. 

Presently the Union infantry opened, and for a moment 
they staggered, halted, and returned the fire, and then with a 
wild "yell" they dashed on to their dreadful doom. The left 
of the column crossed the Emmettsburg road not more than 180 
yards from the Union line. This road was inclosed by two 
stout, high " post and rail " fences, which tended materially to 
break the line,^ but notwithstanding this serious obstruction, 
and the destructive fire to which they were exposed, the 
51 Hacking forces still advanced, delivering a rapid and deadly 
discharge of musketry as they moved. But no troops could 
resist the fearful fire which opposed them. They could not 
reach the wall and live. The left wing was the first to break. 
It was exposed to a raking flank fire of canister, and a heavy 
front" and flank fire of musketry. '^ Many fled in confu- 
sion to the rear, losing as heavily in their retreat as their ad- 
vance, being followed nearly to the Emmettsburg road by 
the enthusiastic regiments on the right of Hays' division. 

a. Tieports of General Davis, Arohkr's brigade, Pettigrevv's brigade, Pen- 
der's division. 

b. Report of Archer's brigade. 

c. Report of Gei\eral Hays. 

d. Report of Pettigrew's and Lane's brigades. 



22 GETTYSBURG— DESCRIPTIVE KEY. 

Others forced to their right, by the terrible fire on their 
left" — united with the right wing still advancing,^ and finally 
joined it in its attack on Webb's front, while thousands threw 
down their arms and came quietly in as prisoners, Avhere they 
had vainly tried to go as victors. The right wing was partially 
covered in its advance by Cordora's house K, and several 
rocky knolls covered with low scrub-oak growth, behind which 
the troops re-formed, and finally advanced on Webb's line." His 
center was broken and his guns captured, but the captors 
soon found themselves captives. All who crossed the wall in 
Webb's front remained either dead, dying, or prisoners. The 
Union troops by a simultaneous attack closed in upon the 
assaulting column, and captured all who did not seek safety in 
flight.'' Thousands threw themselves on the ground for protec- 
tion from the terrible fire which hemmed them in, or held up 

a. Report of Colonel Sawyer, 8tli Ohio volunteers. 

b. Report of Gener;il Hancock. 

c. Reports of Hancock, Hunt, Gibbon, Webb, Harrow, etc. See Webb's letter. 

d. Considerable effort has been made to discover who first ordered a flank at- 
tack, but it will probably be shown that the necessity for it was apparent to every 
military mind, and that the startling exigencies of the emergency prompted them 
to its execution. General Hancock in his official report says: "Passing at this 
time. Colonel Deterevx, commanding the 19th Massachusetts volunteers, anxious 
to be in the right place, applied to me for permission to move his regiment to 
the right and front, where the line had been broken. I granted it, and his regi- 
ment and Colonel Mallon's 42d New York volunteers on his right proceeded there 
at once." In tlie winter of 18G3, while visiting the army, I was told by the com- 
manding officer of the 19th Maine volunteers, that General Gibbon was wounded 
while directing that regiment to wheel out of line to give a flank fire (it subse- 
quently retired from its right, and attacked the enemy in connection with the 19th 
ilassachusetts and 42d New York). I have in my possession a private letter from 
Lt. W. E. Barrows of Colonel Hall's staff, bearing on its face unmistakable evidence 
of truth, stating that Colonel Hall sent him to General Newton with a request 
for trooi)s to put in on the enemy's flank. General Hancock in his report speaks 
of having sent an order to General Stannard to throw two of his regiments on the 
enemy's right, while it is a well-known fact that General Stannard directed the 
same movement before receiving the order. Subsequently Major Mitciiell, of 
General Hancock's statT, issued a similar order on liis own responsibility, in his 
chiefs iinme, and was surprised a moment after to see General Hancock lying 
wounded on the ground before him. Thus it will be seen that proof is conclusive 
that the same happy thought originated simultaneously in several minds. 



WILCOX'S ATTACK. 33 

their hands in token of surrender." By four o'clock the 
repulse was complete and the victory won. General Ander- 
son '^- ordered up Weight's brigade '^^ to attacdc as a relief 
to Pickett, but General Longstreet ^^^ directed him to stop 
the movement, remarking '*' that it was useless and would 
only involve unnecessary loss, the assault having failed." ^ 
General Longstreet then ordered General Wright, with all 
his officers and a portion of his own stafit', to rally and col- 
lect the scattered troops behind Anderson's division.^' In 
the assault General Garnett ^"'^ had been killed. General 
Armistead/"""' and it was thought General Ke.mper,^^^ were 
mortally wounded ; Generals Trimble ^^'^ and Pettigrew,^^^ 
commanding divisions, Colonels Frye, Marshall, and Lour- 
ance, brigade commanders, and thousands of others lay bleed- 
ing on the field. Color-bearers and color-guards had fallen, 
and twenty-seven of their blood-stained flags remained in the 
hands of the victors." 

General Wilcox's command ^'^"■^"' continued to advance on 
Pickett's right, and as he passed Bearing's artillery ^'^^ and 
saw nothing of Pickett's column, which had been literally 
obliterated, he sup[)Osed it had ])iorced the Union lines, now 
enveloped in smoke, and passed over the crest. '^ Soon he 
learned his mistake. His men finding themselves the center 
of a cross-fire of artillery from the flanks,^' ^''' ^^- ^"^ * and a 
front fire of musketry from the 14th Vermont volunteers,''"'' 
dashed madly forward, and with the instinct of old soldiers 

a. General Hancock's report. 
h. General LoNciSTREEx's report. 

c. General Hancock in liis re[)ort says : " Eacli division has been credited with 
tlie number of Hags actually turned in, and for which receipts are held, making 
the aggregate twenty-seven. There were undoubtedly rhirty-three colors captured, 
the balance having been secreted as individual tropliies.'" 

d. Report of Generals Longstreet and Wilcox, with a verbal explanation 
from each of them. 

e. See General Wilcox's report. 



24 GETTYSBURG— DESCRIPTIVE KEY. 

sought the cover of a rocky ravine filled with trees and 
undergrowth. The IGth Vermont volunteers®' moved down 
this ravine, supported by four companies of the 14th Vermont,^ 
and attacking Wilcox in Hank, captured a large part of his 
command, })articularly from the Florida brigade, while the re- 
mainder fell back. This was the closing scene of the most 
daring military movement recorded in modern warfore. 



©je Compiler's Statement. 

It will probably interest some who view the painting of the 
3attle of Gettysburg now presented to the public, to know upon 
vhat authority it has been compiled, and what fiicilities I have 
i;id whicli wdl justify me in presuming to publish it as an 
listorical representation of that important battle. 

At the commencement of the war I determined to attach 
nyself to the army and wait for the great battle which would 
laturally decide the contest; study its topography on the field, 
md learn its details from the actors themselves, and eventually 
n'epare its written and illustrated history. I joined the army 
or that purpose immediately after the evacuation of Yorktown, 
vas with it at Seven Pines and Fair Oaks, through the seven 
lays' fights, and at Harrison's Landing ; and before leaving 
t I made arrangements with oflicers of rank to give me early 
ntelli^ence of anv im|)ortant movements lookinii: to a decisive 
mgagement. Gettysburg was that engagement. 

When I arrived at Gettysburg the d'hris of that great battle 
ay scattered for miles around. Fresh mounds of earth marked 
;he resting-place of the fallen thousands, and many of the dead 
ay yet unburied. It therefore required no guide to point out 
he lo(;ality of the battle. I determined to make an isometriccil 
Irawing of the field. 

As the term Jiehl, when applied to a battle, is generally 
ised figuratively, and, by the general reader, might be mis- 
inderstood, it is well to consider, at the start, that the battle- 
fiehl of Gettysburg not only embraces within its boundaries 
wAwy frhh, but forests as well, and even the town of Gettys- 



3g GETTYSBURG— DESCRIPTJVK KEY. 

burfic itself is included within its limits. The formation of the 
ground und tlie j)ositions of the troops favored the plan of 
sketch inii' the field while facing the west. Consequently the 
top of my DiiAWiNG of it is west; the right hand, north; the 
left, south, etc. There was no point from which the whole 
field could be sketched, nor would such a position have favored 
this branch of art. On the contrary, it w^as necessary to 
sketch from every part of it, combining the whole into one 
grand view, which accounts for the fact that every participant 
in that l)attle will readily discover on the drawing the exact 
locality of his engagement, and the movements of his command 
can be as readily traced. 

Having located its boundaries, I commenced at the south- 
east corner, and gradually moving toward the north, I looked 
toward the west, and sketched the landscape carefully, as far as 
the vision extended, including fields, forests, houses, barns, hills, 
and valleys ; and every object, however minute, wiiich could 
influence the result of a l)attle. Thus I continued to the north- 
east boundary, a distance of five and a half miles. The next 
day I resumed my work at the south, having advanced to the 
}»oint where my vision had l)ecn obstructed the preceding day, 
and sketched anoilier In-eadth to tlie north, as before; and so 
continued, day b\' dav, until I had carried mv drawinix for- 
ward fr)ur and a half miles, which included within its limits the 
town of (^(ettysburg. Wben the batrle-field had been isometri- 
citJtij drawn, 1 skcitched the d'lstdnee and added a sky. 

Tliis drawing was the r(;sult of eighty-four days spent on 
the field inunediately after the battle, during which time I 
sketcluMl carefully the twenty-five scpiare miles which it 
re])resents. 

I spent two months in hospital writing down the statements 
of Confederate prisonei's, and as tliey became con\alescent, I 
went over the field with many of their officers, who located 



THE PAINTING. 4| 

General Longstreet of the Confederate Army ; the latter taking 
great interest in the painting, and leaving me a fine letter in- 
iorsing its Jiccuracy. This painting has been designed strictly 
in conformity to the directions of these gentlemen, giA^en on 
the field for that ])urpose, and from the reports of the Con- 
federate commanders, furnished to me by the government. 

This great representative battle-scene has not its equal in 
A.merica, for correctness of design or accuracy of execution. 
Gibbon's and Hays' divisions and the corps artillery occupy 
the immediate foreground. It is on a canvas 7^ x 20 feet, and 
represents, not only every regiment engaged at that portion 
3f the field, but where the formation of the ground would 
idmit, the entire left wing is shown. It presents such an 
iccurate and life-like portrait of the country, that on it the 
engagements of the first and second days' operations can readily 
be traced. No important scene has been screened behind large 
foreground figures, or, for the want of a knowledge of the de- 
tails, hidden by convenient pufis of smoke ; but ever}^ feature 
Df this gigantic struggle has, in its proper place, been woven 
nto a symmetrical whole. 

This Painting is intended for exhibition, and will be shown 
n the principal cities of the Union. A carefully reduced copy 
)f it has been made by Mr. Walker, which will be sent to 
Europe, from which a Jirst-class parlor-sized Steel Engraving 
fvill be made. 

PRICES. 

Elkctrotype Edition, $7.60 

Print, 15.00 

Plain Proof (on superior plate paper), . . 25.00 
India Proof (on fine India paper), from the original 

plate 50.00 

Artist's Proof, . 100.00 

The latter Edition will be limited to 200 copies for America and 
Europe, which will be carefully selected, numbered, and signed by the 
irtist and publisher. 



C^c iistorn of lljc "Rattle. 



(advertisement.) 



During niv consultations with oflRcers at the front, as well as on the bat- 
tle-field, I noted with great care their conversations, and have books full of 
material thus rescued from oblivion. 

Since the publication of mv Isometrical DrawiiKj of the field, I have beer 
steadily engaged in collecting data for the history of the battle. I have receivec 
thousands of letters relating to it, and traveled thousands of miles to add to m) 
knovvledc-e of it ; but during the execution of the paintim/, I have been unabh 
to devote that attention to its compilation which I now hope to do. I do no' 
regret that the work has been thus deferred, as during the past year I liad ai 
opportunity of revisiting (rcttysburg with several hundred military officers, anc 
luive thus b(>en able to critically examine my material, and determine its relativ( 
value. I have now all the official matter required. I only regret that th( 
members of some regiments and batteries have thus far failed to furnish m( 
with detailed descriptions of their movements, which they will regret when to( 
late to be remedied, as I shall in all cases write the description from the dat; 
I possess, and shall not publish accounts without the written proof to sub 
stantiate them. 

Those interested will be pleased to learn that the field at Gettysburg has 
during the past two seasons, been re-surveyed in the most complete an( 
scientific manner by a corps of United States engineers. From these surveyi 
a beantifal toj)ographical map is now being drawn and engraved, copies of 
which I have arranged to have to illustrate my lustory. In addition to tin 
ma[)s, the book will be very fully embellish(;d with wood-cuts of the importan 
episodes, beautifully engraved ; also fine line and stipple steel portraits, en 
graved entirely by hand, by the best engravers. The portraits of all officer 
exercising a general's command at the battle will be admitted if desired. Th( 
following arc already engraved: 

Generals Meade, Reynolds, Newton, Wadsworth, Meredith, Doubleday 
Stannard, Hancock, Zook, Gibbon, Webb, Hall, Hays, Sherrill, Bull 
Sickles, Birney, Graham, Berdan, Humphreys, Sykes, Barnes, Tilton 
Vincent, Wright, Wheaton, Bartlett, Howard, Ames, Slocum, Williams 
Geary, Kane, Hunt, Randolph, Martin, McGilvery, Pleasanton, Butter 
field, Warren, Tngalls, and MacDougall. 
* 



HISTORY OF THE BATTLE. 43 

Several others have been ordered, and I presume the Ust wIH yet be con- 
siderably increased. I shall also puhlish that of General Lee and his corps and 
division commanders, numbering in all probably seventy-five of the finest steel 
portraits yet engraved in this country. At present over eighty-five liundred 
dollars' woith of illustrations have been engraved. I shall be pleased to corre- 
spond with a'ly paities wishing pcjrtiaits or wood-cuts. The history will be 
sold by sul)scri[)tion at tlie fallowing 

P R I C P: S : 
Popular Edition (without P(irtraits), royal octavo, bound in cloth, . |5 00 
Do, with Portraits (piinted from transfers), . , 7 50 



The next will be the Library Edition, printed on good fair paper, good 
plates, and substantially hound in sheep, ..... $12 00 



The same size printed on fine paper. Proof Portraits — bound in half morocco 
beveled boards, . . . . , . . . . . $17 60 



A Fine Edition on tinted paper. I'roof Portraits. Full morocco, gilt, 
beveled boards, gilt etlges, ........ $25 00 

A Large Paper Edition (limited) will be printed from new tvpe, and the 

original wood-cuts in the best style of modern hand-press work, on heavv toned 

paper, with the finest India Proof Portraits. Li Sheets, stitclied, 

uncut, $100 00 

Elaborately bound. Full levant morocco, gilt, . . , . $125 00 



1 have now devoted six years anil a half to collecting material for the history 
of the liattle of Gettysburg, but until quite recently I have felt unwilling to 
commence to write, knowing that other matter existed which it was important 
for me to have, and which, when obtained, might make a material change in 
the account. This reason no longer exists, though I shall still thankfully receive 
suggestions from any participant in the battle. 

As a publisher for profit I would have issued it long ago, but as an historian 
I could not conscientiously until I felt that the details of this most important 
battle had been impartially examined, and the entire subject exhausted. 

JOHN B. BACHELDER, Publisher, 

59 Beekman St., New Yorac. 
* 




CAPTURE OF THE 8th LA. COLORS BY LT, YOUNG, ADG'T 107th OHIO VOLS. 



'THE LAST HOURS OF LINCOLN. 



?? 



ORIGIN OF THIS HISTORICAL PAINTING. 



ABRAHAM LINCOLN, President of the Unitea States, was assassinated by John Wilkes Booth, on 
the niglit of Ain-il 14, lido, at Ford's Tlieater, Washington, D. C. This night, fraught with woe to the 
peoples of two continents, sombered by its halo of diabolism, must forever remain the Golgotha of Americaa 
liistory. 

At the threshold of the temple of peace— the Ili.'h Priest was stricken down— and the great heart 
whose every throb was a imlsatioii of love for his country's enemies, was robed in silence. In company 
with Mrs. Lincoln, Miss IIaukis, and Major liATiiuoNK, Mr. Lincoln had sought a brief respite from the 
ii-on wheel of Slate toil, and in the search, through the medium of the assassin's bullet, found a respite for 
all time. 

Immeiliately after the fatal shot was fired, and under direction of Assistant-Surgeons Leale and 
Taft, he was removed to a private liouse, and placed upon a couch iu a small bedroom. Robert Lincoln 
General TouD, and Dr. Todd, cousins of Mrs. Lincoln, and other per.sonal friends, speedily arrived. His 
family physician. Dr. Stone, and Surgeon-General Baunes, accompanied by Asst.-Surgeon General Ckane, 
were in early attendance, and later he was visited by Dis. Hall and Lieuek.mann, and other eminent phy- 
sicians, all of whom agreed that the wound was unto death. The bullet had entered the back of liis head, 
and lo<lged behind the right eye. 

Mr. Lincoln was visited during the night by Vice-President Johnson and the entire cabinet, except 
Mr. Sewakd, including Secretaries McIJullocii, Stanton, Welles, and Usher, Postmaster-General 
Dennison, and Attorney-General Si'Eed, together with Asst.-Secretaries Field, Eckekt, and Otto. There 
were also present. Speaker Colfax, Chief-Justice Cartter, Senator Sdmner. Representatives Faensworth, 
Arnold, Marston, and Rollins, Governor OaLRSBV, accompanied by AdjuUmt-General Hatnie, Major 
Hay, Generals Auger, Meius, and Halleck, Ex-Governor Farwell, Rev. Dr. Gurley, and Commissioner 
French, Colonels Vincent Pelouze and Rutherford, and Major Rockwell. Early in the night Mrs. 
LiNi'oLN sent for Mrs. Senator Dixon, who was a.;companied by her sister and niece, Mrs. Kinney and 
daughter. There were also a few others present during the night, but never more than half of those 
represented on the painting at any one time. 

By the publicity of the assassination it was soon known throughout the city, and thousands crowded 
the avenues leading to the house where the President lay. 

The news of this tragic event flashed with the speed of lightning throughout the land. From Maine to 
Calil'orrda consternation reigned, and feelings of surprise and grief were depicted on every face. The great 
man now martyred had for more than four ye.ars held the highest pl.aco iu the gift of the American people, 
and on him their hopes had centered. The designer of the painting of 

"THE LAST HOURS OF LINCOLN," 

Jno. B. Bachelder, arrived iu Washington on the night of his death, and being Impressed with the 
historic importance of the event, at once determined to collect such materials as should be necessary for an 
historical picture commemorating that sad scene, and should the demand warrant it, to publishing a steel- 
plate engraving from it. The design for the painting wag soon completed, and arrangements having been 
made with Brady &, Co., Photographers, as soon as the remains of the President left the city each of the 
persons represented were visited, and at their convenience were posed and photographed in the position 
which they now occupy iu the painting. It being important tliat the best possible original should be had 
for the engraver's use, the design was placed in the liands of Alonzo Cuapel, Esq., the historical painter, 
to whose genius the painting is to be creilited. Much of its completeness is due to the kindness and atten- 
tion of the persons represented ; as all cheerfully gave their time for frequent sittings, both to the designer 
and painter. 

No expense has been spared to produce a work worthy the scene it represents, and the high encomiums 
given it by eminent judges is the best jjroof of the result. 

To publish any thing now short of a first-class copy of such a painting would be a breach of confidence 
to those who have so kindly aided in its production. The proprietor has therefore decided to have this 
picture engraved in the finest style of line and stipple, the engraved surface of the i)late to be IS x 31 
inches; believing that notliing short of a aemiine work of art will meet the approval, and secure the 
patronage of the American people, and to those interested the proprietor can most confidently promise a 
suiiable inomento of their departed chief. 

The engi-aving is being executed by 11. B. Hall. Jr., Esq., the eminent engraver upon steel. 

PRICE OF ENGRAVINGS.— Electrotype Edition, $7.50 ; Prints, $1 5. QO ; Plain Proofs 
§35.00; India Peoof.s, $60.00; .S-rtist's Proofs (limited to 200 copies, which will be numbered 
and signed by the artist and engraver) 9100.00. 

.\ beautifully engraved ami photo:.'raphic Kei/ to the Engraving, will be presented to the subscribers. 
It is a comidete picture of itself, and may be had in .advance hy suhxcrihers on/.i/. 

JOHN B. B.VCIIELDER, Puulisiikr, bJ Beekinaii Street, J^ew York 



Bf^iEF Sayings of Eminent Men. 



^ 



Subgeon-Generai,'8 OFFiriB, ) 

Washington City, March 20, 186T. ) 
Col. J. B. Bacheldrr, 

Sir :— 'rhf |ik'turf of " The Lfist Hours of Lincoln." painted by Alonzo Chappel from your desifin, pre- 
sents, svitli reuiiirkiible fidelity, llie purlr.iits of those in attendance at various times during the night of 
April' 14, IstJG, iireserviiig truthfully the principal features of that most sad event. 

Very respectfully yours, 
.1. K. IJAKNES. Siugeon-Onnerul L'. S. A., Bt-evet M(tjor-Gtne7'uL 



11 is certainly a work of great interest and merit. I have looked upon it with the liveliest satisfaction 
on account of its" singularly L'raphic delineation of the actual scene as myself beheld it. and also because 
the likenesses of most of the distinguished persons presented by the painting seem to me to be veiy 
accurate and striking. 1'. 1). Gui'.ley, Pastor oj the N. Y. Ave. I'res. Church. 



I cheerfully bear testimony to the accuracy of the Portraits of the persons present on that uielan- 
choly occasion, and especially that of the nuirtyred President. 

W. T. Otto, Assistant Secretary of the Interior. 



It gives me |>leasure to testify to the accuracy with which yon have represented the principal features 
of tlie scene in question, and to the fidelity of the portraits which you have introduced. You have been 
especially successful in the likeness of President Lincoln. John Hat, 

Brevet Colonel, formerly A. D. C. to President Lincoln. 



The tnithful likeness of President Lincoln, the fidelity of the portraits of those present on that most 
mournful night, and the excellent grouping of the figures, render this picture peculiarly valuable in an his- 
torical point of view, apart Iroiii its uierits as a work ot art. 

C. H. CiMi.iis, Assistant Surgeon- General V. S. Army. 



Without possessing a critical capacity for judgment,! can say, in all sincerity, that the palntine, as a 
whole, is faithful to the scene of the death-chamber on that eventful inght, and impressively truthful in 
its portraiture. D. K. C'aetter, Chief-Justice. 

tS?" The above gentlemen visited President Lincoln during his last hours, and are represented in 
the painting. 



It is udmiriible us a picture, and of great value for the fidelity of the portraits. 

A A. Humphreys, Major-General. 

Dkar Sir :— Permit me to thank you for the enjoyment of the luxury of grief afforded me in the view- 
ing of the great picture commemorating "The Last Hours of Lincoln." It is deserving of great praise. If 
it has a fault, it is its high coloring. As I have personally known nearly all the forty odd persons who 
appear in it, I can speak with confidence of the truthfulness of the likenesses. 

F. E. Spinner, Treasurer United States, 

The majority ot the portraits could hardly be improved. 

O. O. HowARn, Major- General. 

I know personally a large majority of the persons represented, and take pleasure in bearing my testimony 
to the singular fidelity of their portraits. Ira Harris, United Staten S'enator. 

EXTRACT FKOM A CRITICISM. 

[F7-om the Washington Sunday Herald.^ 



Washington, March 81, 1867. 

A great picture has hcen designed of the '• Last Hours of Abraham Lincoln." The designer is Mr. John 
R. Haclielder, tlie painter Alonzo Clmiipel. ♦ * The value of such a i>icture of such a scene is enormous, 
and <■! a kind to ev.T increase with time, * * Looking like himself, from his finger-nails to h'S hard, 
protrudin;: lip, Stanton, with paper and pencil in hand, and u])lifted forefinger, is giving instructions to the 
soldierly (leiieral Auger, the then Military Commander of the District, * * Portraits so minutely like 
I have never seen, evin from the brush of Klliot. * * * 

The granileur in the f;ico of Lincoln, is grand indeed. The cold hues of death are warmed to the eye bv 
the red rays of a candle held over him, and the flickering flaro causing a Rembr.uidi-like etfect, is verv 
felicitously managed. T^.eeye rests in love and pily on it, turning from those .-iround impatiently. * ♦ * 

McCulloch who turns from the scene, and Johnson who sits in the left Ibreground, are wonderfullv like. 
As is the erect Dennison beyond them; ami Meigs, with his hand resting on the door-post, where he'stocjd 
to i>revent disturbing entrances; Dr. Stone and Pnrgeon-Oenend Rarnes. General Todd, Judge Otto. 
Sumner, Karnsworlh, Speaker Coif, .x, and Governor OgUsbv, are looking down on the face of Lincoln with 
an expression of respectful concern. * * * Judge Cartter and Ex-Governor Farwell stand in front of 
ISleigs, forming the right foreground of the picture ; they are given in profile and seem conversing. 

The greatness of the picture lies in its correct tran8crii)tion of an actual scene and perfect portraiture 
of Ameriain men. It is just such a work as, above all others, should be American property, for if ever 
there was a J^ational picture, this is one. ^kc 



;TrTY©[i3[U]i^©. 



DESCRIPTION OF THE PAINTIITG 



OF THE 



Repulse of Longstreet's Assault 



PAINTED BY JAMES WALKER. 



HISTORICAL ARRANGEMENT AND DESCRIPTION 



By JOHN B. BACHELDER, 

AUTHOR OK THE " ISOMETRICAL DRAWING OF THE GETTYSBURG BATTLE-FIELD,' 

POSITIONS OF TROOPS ON ENGINEER-MAPS, GOVERNMENT HISTORIAN 

OF THE BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG, ETC., ETC. 



BOSTON : 
PUBLISHED BY JOHN B. BACHELDER 

1884. 



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